In 2025, ox gallstones, also known as Calculus bovis, have emerged as one of the most sought-after commodities in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), commanding prices that surpass those of gold. These hardened formations, found in the gallbladders of cattle, are prized for their purported medicinal properties, particularly in treating high fevers, convulsions, and strokes.
The global demand for ox gallstones has seen a significant uptick. Hong Kong, a major hub for TCM, reported a 66% increase in imports from 2019 to 2023, reaching a staggering $218 million. This surge is attributed to the growing popularity of TCM remedies like the « Angong Niu Huang Wan » pill, which incorporates ox gallstones as a key ingredient.
The scarcity of high-quality gallstones—occurring in only about one in every thousand cattle—has intensified their value. Prices can soar up to $65 per gram, depending on factors like size, color, and texture. This high valuation has unfortunately led to a rise in illegal activities. Reports have surfaced of thefts from slaughterhouses and black-market dealings, with some incidents involving armed robberies targeting gallstone supplies.
In response to the booming market, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has encouraged American beef processors to explore the export potential of ox gallstones. Given the United States’ substantial cattle industry, there’s an opportunity to meet international demand while ensuring ethical sourcing and trade practices.
As the global appetite for natural remedies continues to grow, ox gallstones stand out as a testament to the enduring influence of traditional medicine. However, balancing this demand with ethical considerations and legal trade practices remains a pressing challenge for the industry.